childhood and adolescence Pavel Alexandrovich Florenski PV Florensky,
Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor, Moscow State University
Oil and Gas. Gubkin
T. A. Shutov,
head of the department of ancient and modern languages \u200b\u200b
Sretensky Theological Seminary,
member of the Writers' Union of Russia,
Moscow
name Paul Florenski (1882-1937) returned in the history of Russian culture, has become the key to spiritual truths, comprehension and contradictions of the first third of last century. When we talk about the people of this level, it is important to understand how they were formed. Fancy the children were always there, but now, when produced radically new pedagogical approaches, we must use the experience of education, which left us with vivid historical figures. Interesting and important to examine not only their works but also the biography, unexplored pages are open for personal archives.
about his childhood, the formation of his character and aspirations of his family, PA Florensky written memories rather, the study of the formation itself in the "my children. Recollections of past days "[1], which gave Abbot Andronicus (Trubachev). Memories ends the story of what happened in his outlook coup, the disappointment in the science and the beginning of a serious movement toward God. In this life becomes meaning of the sign, omen, and more - a sign, the creation of symbolic paintings of his life.
House Florensky in Tiflis was populous. The core of his were the parents of Paul Florenski - the father of Alexander, an educated engineer and a talented scientist, a senior official of Ministry of Railways Communications of Russia, and his mother Olga Pavlovna, nee Saparov, a spokeswoman for the aristocratic and well-known family of Tiflis Armenians. Extant correspondence spouses Florensky evidence of their surprisingly harmonious marriage, creating an almost religious cult of the family, reverence for all family attributes. However, speaking about the tightness of the family, we must emphasize something else: it was a large and hospitable house, where the Russian hospitality combined with Caucasian hospitality, especially to relatives who were part of this world. The family is constantly visited relatives, often with their families. Apparently, this house combines traditional Russian farm and the Armenian family fortress. And this phenomenon was characteristic of the multinational Tiflis - the capital of the Russian Caucasus.
the special atmosphere of the family, which build parents were caring attitude, respect for the individual children, their aspirations, desires. For example, Alexander and Olga Pavlovna did not let Paul's passion for photography. It published a picture made by 13-year old youth at his dacha in Kojori [2] in the summer of 1895.
This atmosphere has led to a surprising individuality of each child which reached sometimes up to their foreign incompatibility at least an incompatibility of interests and aspirations, especially in adolescence. And later - a priest Paul, a psychiatrist Julia, a romantic to adventurous naturalist and historian of Alexander, the artist-revolutionary Elizabeth, an artist-mystic, Olga, a military engineer and a quiet house painter Andrew Rice - with different fates and interests, and such like, purposeful, high spirit and multi talented people.
Paul Florensky studied in the 2 nd Tiflis Gymnasium, where he taught highly talented teachers, who tried to instill in its students a serious attitude to the entrusted work. For example, the writings of Paul Florenski on the theme: "Educating Onegin and his pastime before leaving the village", written at home on Dec. 12, the teacher did not take: "What's wrong with you, Florensky?" January 1 student rewrote his work, but the estimate for her teacher and did not deliver.
important part in shaping St. Paul Florenski occupy his fellow classmates gymnasium Vladimir Ern, Nicholas and Alexander Elchaninov testes.
interests of friends decided in the seventh grade, when the high school came a new teacher stories George N. Gekhtman. GN Gekhtman was a talented, inspirational teacher. Relationship with his students will keep for years. It Gekhtman instilled in his beloved disciples, a special style of communication "teacher - student", which is so peculiar to Russian pedagogy, and which we would call "kruzhkovstvom. One of the principles it is the patronage of the younger seniors. Relations that have developed in high school, survived when the senior mentors left its walls.
Gekhtman organized a literary and philosophical circle, where participants discussed the important religious, philosophical and ethical questions. For example, view of seventeen Paul Florenski on the role of poetry and the poet:
«The meaning and use of poetry - in beauty. Poetry can and should serve the cause of truth and good, but only in its own way: the beauty and nothing else. Search in poetry certainly a peculiar, outsider her content - it means not to recognize her her own. <…>
Net poet, the poet par excellence, <…> has as its content, and pure beauty - nothing more, but by its very nature beauty is "Perceptible form of truth and goodness." Separate her from them can only be forced, robbing the truth and the goodness of beauty, thus we deprive its own, internal content. From this it follows that poetry is free from any partisan tendencies: one is a beauty, and beauty of poetry is, as it is poetry, there are good and the truth "[3].
Despite the apparent openness and sociability, the young Paul Florensky intense inner lives, we can say Latent life. Summer 1899 he experienced a mystical experience, and took a step toward religious outlook. This he described in detail in his memoirs [1, pp. 209-216]. Then Florensky experienced a great ideological crisis. He opened the limitations and relativity of physical knowledge: "The former is quiet and naive in its bezoglyadochnosti Work has now become accompanied by sharp fluctuations in self <…> These oscillations are gradually being made <…> dichotomy. <…>
I tried to gather thoughts, to think of some scientific question, but the idea was vyaloyu and blurred. Suddenly, out of this loose cover exposed as a dagger point and a different thought, quite unexpected and out of place: "It is - nonsense. This issue - nonsense, and do not need it. " <…> Then I again raised the issue of all such matters, his connectedness and interdependence of the fabric of the scientific worldview. And again the same answer as all the scientific worldview - trash and conventionality irrelevant to the truth, as life and through life, and that it did not need it. <…> And finally, one last question, of all knowledge. He was clipped as and all previous ones. In about a minute was cut and devalued everything that I lived, at least, as assumed in the mind. <…> In about a minute luxuriant building scientific thinking crumbled into dust, as from an underground hit, and suddenly discovered that his material - not precious stones, and wood chips, cardboard and plaster. <…>
At the time of the collapse happened when I thought that the cracked and crumbling vault of heaven, I have not learned anything new for themselves. But fundamentally upside direction of the will. In that same knowledge that I had a minute before the event, rearrange all the semantic emphasis. There has been a profound shift <…> will and from that moment the meaning of mental activity has changed the sign.
began exposing knowledge, only the first scientific, and even then "[1, pp. 240-242]. This discovery put before him the question about the truth of absolute and complete.
As for his spiritual constitution is not only a thinking man, but a man of action, young Florensky seeking a practical way for their discoveries. In painful search of outlook in the summer of 1899, before the last class of high school he went to the ideas of Leo Tolstoy on the need to work and even going to give up everything and go to the people "as you did at that time, many young people, the conquest of ideas" Tolstoyism. It's a known fact Florenski biography, but we want to show the dialectic of his motivation in the context of time and relationships with friends and family. While Russia went on the gap and fired the then self-published "Confessions of Tolstoy [4], which was read and passed on each other circle members Gekhtman. Later, P. Florensky analyzed the reasons for his hobbies: "I read a lot especially in philosophy, but to satisfy me only undermines the possibility of knowledge, on the contrary, the positive construction estimated dogmatic, ridiculously unsubstantiated and devoid of solid ground. <…>
Mortal anguish and despair possessed me. True, the exterior, I led a life full of work. Its order were reinforced lessons in high school <…> I read a lot, worked mathematics, geology, wrote, and even continued, albeit to a lesser extent than before, their physical experience. <…> Still had room to think and feel deeper inner life. And here I felt and was aware of a metaphysical void, and originating from this death. Kant and Schopenhauer by his denial came to my then-state of health, but it seemed cheap and superficial in their positive constructions. Much closer was suffering Tolstoy. On the moral and social views, I did not think at all. <…> I ran into a manuscript "Confession" by Tolstoy and even rewrote its <…> With Tolstoy Solomon and the Buddha, I felt the reliability of the hopelessness, and it gave satisfaction, and some kind of peace. With them yearning emptiness has obviously was not psychological insight, and a significant consequence of some, unknown to me, the laws of being itself. <…> This state is precisely depicted by Tolstoy in "Confession" [1, pp. 243-244].
«Confessions produced confusion in the soul Florenski what he tells his best friend Sasha Elchaninov who so responds to the experiences of Paul:
«Dear Pavel!
thousand times thank you for your letter. I am very glad that you started is the moral breakdown of which can not be avoided any thinker person: all my sympathy to you and agree with you except [nrzb.] to science, "Critique of Pure Reason" of course leads to okantitsizmu and get acquainted with Kant, I doubt of science - the truth she does not know or will know, she should give up this chimera and draw their strength in the other direction (Tolstoy).
theory of selfishness, unfortunately, unconquerable; two years ago, I ran her as a crime, but now I can not follow it; selfishness is always present in any of our motivations and actions, it innate to us, it's - instinct. What you feel only a short time, tormented me for three years, I was silent, I did not tell you anything because you were different, I hid my mood from the others, because I thought that I would not understand. By some way the positive results I got, if you're interested - I'll write.
one thing I do not Like in your letter: you say that to act against their beliefs - I can assure you that you're wrong, morally you are not alone: \u200b\u200bI have almost the same is on the mood.
1899 7.VIII Manglisi A. Elchaninov "[5]
After two months of painful reflections, after returning to Tbilisi after the summer break, Paul Florensky wrote to his father, who this time he worked in the construction department of the provincial government of Kutaisi and lived in Kutaisi, so consult with him could only son in a letter. On his decision to start a new life Florensky Paul told his father on Oct. 17, 1899:
«Dear Daddy!
I feel that my letter upset you, but in any case Leave it to you I need. Partly under the influence of Tolstoy, and partly on their own, seeing the abnormality and the emptiness of his life, I have come to the conclusion that it must be radically changed. I'm not talking about the lack of physical work that entails debility and the result of it - weakness mental, a sedentary life in the stale air and total lack of communication with nature. With these purely physical discomfort can be reconciled with moral condition of tranquility. But, as any look at the modern social order, I think almost everyone it seems unsatisfactory; and it would be all right if one would think that each of us individually in this innocent, but do not: have to admit that the modern "distribution" Labour, supposedly necessary for progress, is the source of all evil, but because participate in this distribution, and I, then part of the blame falls on me. Thus physical disadvantage is the cause of new, more important, moral <…> only way out of that tormented me trouble - a rejection of the university, no matter how he was bitter. Do not go to university should be: I will stay there in case of failure to obey conscience at most 1 year and still will be forced to withdraw from it. Therefore, the sooner I'll make a rational life, the better. For you may not be entirely clear why I find myself just not the right to be in school? What No matter the purpose of life, above all to live, and for this we must eat and drink (Tolstoy). If I take on others their first duty - to produce their own food, something that I hereby promises to forever benefit of his profession, in other words, I do the duty, and I do not know if I can pay it.
you ask me What am I gonna do? Only one outcome - to fulfill the words of Tolstoy, no matter how hard. It's - responsibility and talk about the ease and difficulty of its execution I do not have. Of course, science also can not throw all the force employed, to do something. If I have a vocation, the prison will only strengthen it, and will not allow niggle, but if not, then no need to scribble. You might, say, that my decision is based on vanity. Maybe I'm thinking about it and could not come to anything. But if so, it is rare coincidence vanity with debt. Staying in school is mainly to find themselves much of what I should do, but on the other hand, probably just scared. About his decision, I do not want to talk my mother to not deliver her premature disappointments, though, in fact, she should be happy. We all rooted tradition that people fall into the university, died, and get rid of of it is very difficult.
already late, and I'll go to bed. I kiss you, dear papa. I hope that you will answer me.
18 17 / x 99
Tiflis Your VP "[6]
received, apparently, one day son's letter, AI Florensky the same evening, October 19, replied. The father admits that the fate of his first child, so in a letter sent as ordered, it is important to everything from how to write the address.
AI Florensky - PA Florensky
October 19, 1899
Envelope: Custom. In Tiflis. His Honour
Mr. Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky.
St. Nicholas. № 67.
custom label: Kutaisi 738
Stamps: Kutaisi 1899.10.20, 1899.10.21 Tiflis.
«I save my arrival.
18 19 / X 99
Dear Pavel, although we might see you sooner than you receive this letter, but I still prefer your answer on paper, since it allows ponder the answers and eliminate the inevitable zeal in his conversations, often depending on the temporary misunderstanding. But asking me a letter to a number of issues on all of your future, you, of course, foresaw that in this case I have a double role: a father and older friend. With the first role I'll more than annoying I will not: on behalf of my mother and my - you have to finish high school course, ie, get the bottom line is that it gives. Do you need it to be in life or No - to be seen. What I've graduated from our mother claims to you that I consider indispensable. Else it thy will, and if you want to discuss it together, then I am very happy for your confidence, and except for a friendly response to your queries, without any obligation to do so anyway, with my hand [nothing] not follow. But I hope - of course, that you and mom to share in his time and thoughts primesh given its opinion. But finishing his father's role, I very much like would talk to you about the mutual relations of children from their parents, ie find out whether there are any mutual obligations that are not confined only childhood and continues uninterrupted until this regard will not destroy death. But while I'm not asking to talk about it, ie, write. There will be time to clarify this question gradually. But do not think I want to talk about this in the sense to teach you, I want to understand this question, as a component of overall social issue: the relations between various social units among themselves and to society. Before turning to your questions, which to a large extent as you yourself admit, due to the ideas of Tolstoy, I will offer you my opinion on the ideas of Tolstoy, as far as I'm familiar with them. On the ideas of Tolstoy I look like on the customary sektantstva1, understanding this word in the broadest sense, every one-way traffic obschestvennogo2, regardless of whether or not it is connected with religion. Any movement initially unilateral, as it is a separate stream in the social movement and not merge with the general course of a lifetime. Therefore, any public figure, and even every worker, even in science, must be one-sided, at least a fanatic to be a force. Man, too broadly looking at life, `A vol d'oiseau3, may be very wise, but was powerless as an activist. In an extreme case of this thinker, whose actions affect the society only in the next century. So manner, recognizing the full significance of Tolstoy not only as a thinker, but also a public figure, I personally find it absolutely retrograde motion, and not progressive. Allow myself to get a comparison of inorganic nature. Tolstoy improvement of social conditions linked mainly to the inertia of society as the masses. What is it to resist evil, opposing the preaching of inertia - the active bodies in this case, which is called evil. But living, active forces can not be destroyed in any way, as it is impossible to destroy the very society. In the religious sects, and this principle has been brought up to the most extreme findings, like Simeon, Indian fakirs and stuff. But they did not have negation of living forces, but only the certainty that sooner [nrzb.] Will pass Earth stage, the sooner and the more intense will be another life. We can not have this consolation, and we have to restrict their concept of happiness and misery, good and evil beyond the earthly life, ie, willy-nilly, to take into account the active social forces, and to achieve these benefits, or ideals, it is expected for those active forces, because the inertia of the public will give nothing, as only a social death. I think it is first necessary to solve the fundamental question: what is the progress of humanity: an increase in the amount of personal desires, needs (active power), or the ability to reduce them? That any new human desire is always a source not only of joy, but suffering is of course itself. But, and every new desire - is a necessary condition progress. So how do we, dear, there is still time to write to each other, then I stop and while on it. In the future we will move from basic to detail, because I hope that our correspondence will not be limited to this.
Your Daddy "[7]
The next day, October 20, AI Florensky shares his concern about the mood of his son and his wife Olga Pavlovna:
«This week, my dear, was rich for my letters from you all. Pavlia sent me a letter with different eccentricities and their assumptions, how to live based on the books of Tolstoy. However, I foresaw the possibility of different trends at him. When shall we meet, if not himself, then I will give you details of his plans. The values \u200b\u200bof a particular I do not attach his letter, because it does not in his nature all that. Only where he can get carried away, it's still a research agenda. But to me his letter nice, because it enables the letters to speak about different issues. I was about to start myself correspondence with him, but was afraid to get embarrassed and inward. Now he goes to meet this sort of thing that much better. In any case, do not be afraid if I did not send you his letter, just because I do not want to deceive his trust in me.
I very nearly decided today to come to you, but then took a good sense prevail and early tomorrow morning, I re going to inspect the road. The trip will continue for three days. This completes the second stage of my life here. Will begin the winter and what kind of things are coming - more not really thinking. Many small current affairs, but nothing major so far. After this trip probably did not uterplyu and come and see you soon.
Kisses Mom and children and wait for the Sabbath mails. Give my love to Reims. Very pleased that Margaret would come and revive you, probably will come and Lisa. Goodbye, dear.
Your Misha4 " [8]
Olga Pavlovna received a letter no later than October 22. She hardly paused to answer, wise and calm, although somewhat skeptical tone that puts everything in its place. About the only excitement says no date:
«Dear Alexander.
From today your letter shows you what is given to the news from home, and you just late with the letter at this time. Excuse me please. We all is preblagopoluchno and we live quite happily. These children have spent two days home for holidays. It is a pity that, together with others and Schur losing precious time. He is now in such a mood that a good teacher could do a lot.
Regarding Paul's letters, I would, too, was quite interested to know more detail, but in any case in all these theories about self-improvement, in these samokovyryaniyah etc. I see only one species of egotism and selfishness which so repel now from people. I too have little faith in its stability in this direction, and in general.
As you see, I'm not particularly fascinated by them, in spite of all his actions. For us personally, all the other kids will be more reliable and loving. I would have wished that he inherited from you even though particles are able to dissolve into one another and to forget about myself even at the expense of himself as a moral person. But enough of this. You have such an opinion may not like. That means you will soon get home? We will all be very happy. I just always seems to mind your disappointment when compared to reality and the anticipated pleasure. However, to the same time, ie the end of November, will meet the others, ie Lisa Margarita, etc. You do not write about his health, but it is most important. So glad to see you soon. Children kiss you "[9].
by October 22 exchanges place. And yet, Paul decides to seek advice directly to Leo Tolstoy. Preserved written Florenski hand and dated it October 22 Text letters to the great writer:
«18 22 / X 99. Typhlitis. Leo Tolstoy.
Leo! I read your writings and came to the conclusion that it is impossible to live as I live now. I am finishing school, and I will be a continuation of life on someone else's expense, and I think that this can be avoided only in the performance of your advice, but in order to apply them into practice, I have to allow some preliminary questions: whether to use money? How to get the land? Is it possible to get from the government and how? How to meet the mental needs? How to make books, magazines, if you can not use money or if the physical can hardly be just to feed themselves? Could be time for intellectual work (self)? "[10].
hardly a young man decided to send Leo Tolstoy such a letter. Most likely, this draft, and whether the message was sent - is unknown. At least in the archives of the writer it sought, but no trace was found. Very
interesting opinion on the state of Paul Florenski at that time expressed his other classmates Michael Asatiani. Future great psychiatrist doubted that "Tolstoyism" Paul - a temporary phenomenon, and one finds himself. In a note to one of my classmates Volodya Hudadovu he bluntly puts it:
«I just wanted to say that "this Florensky" only for the time worn out track, due to the charming effect which is peculiar to the T-mu on its readers. His readers in time become his admirers, as the T-th always awakens in man the love of neighbor, and a sense of justice, but he does not teach all this, complicating the trend!
18 19/IX 1999 Mika [11]
Words Asatiani fully confirms himself Florensky: "But, however, I experienced for the soul tone was perfectly described by Tolstoy. In the latter sense prevailed, and Tolstoy felt like dying because it dried up the springs of life: but life was in his knowledge of something very close to the organic-being, to a sense of harmonic wholeness of the body, taken a very deep, but nevertheless on a particular line. Maybe it was connected with Tolstoy, but his own warehouse, with their age and lifestyle. My Dying is coming on line soon intellectual. I was choking from lack of truth. In all human knowledge is neither a reliable point and the truth and the meaning of life were to me clear and identical.
Gradually, however, partly with the help of Tolstoy, I was made clear that the truth is, if it exists, can not be external to me, and that it is the source of life. Life itself is the truth in its depth, and depth, this is not me and not me, although I could touch her. First, vaguely, as through the thick wall, then all the more clearly I began to feel some sort of trend of this depth. But these life-giving trends, and the undoubted original more than anything another, were, however, in my mind quite nonsegmented, quite devoid of any kind had been verbally logical form. I felt their life-giving and conscious as the only truly real. <…> feels my already rectified by buoyant: yet it was clear that one can construct his thought and the less - how to build it, but moral certainty is repeated about this opportunity, and vexation of mind was active and militant.
I was yasnoyu need to build idea Tolstoy seemed amorphous and blurring his own arm just sketched drawing <…> "Truth - life - many times a day saying I imagine. - No truth to live. Without truth there is no human existence. " It was clear to the dazzling "[1, pp. 244-245].
from rash decisions period "Sturm und Drang" Florenski has saved his father. In his memoirs, PA Florensky writes about this: "Meanwhile, the solution came from where he was not expecting. Source as it was one of skepticism about human teachings and beliefs, which was filled with my father and which was soaked with my childhood, "[1, pp. 245].
PA Florensky said that all he knew was opened, realized - all laid in childhood. With the end of high school childhood ended, ended a period of self. Autumn 1900 Paul Florensky comes to physical and mathematical faculty of Moscow University.
* * *
Asatiani Mikhail Mikhailovich (1881-1938) - a psychiatrist, a classmate PA Florenskii on the 2 nd Tiflis Gymnasium. Sister's husband Paul Florenski A. Florenskaya (Lucy), which was sold in 1911 by the end of medical school Moscow University he worked in the Moscow suburb of neuro-psychiatric nursing home. One of the first in Russia, drew attention to the therapeutic possibilities psychoanalysis. In 1912 he was co-founder and member of the Moscow psychiatric group "Small Friday. From 1921 he headed the department of psychiatry at Tbilisi University. In 1925 he founded Research Institute of Psychiatry, Georgia, bears his name.
Gekhtman George N. (1870-1956) - a history teacher in the 2 nd Tiflis Gymnasium, organizer historical and philosophical circles, whose members were P. Florensky, AV Elchaninov, VF Ern. Born in Kutaisi, GN Gekhtman graduated from Kharkov University and since 1895 he worked in Tbilisi while teaching in various institutions literature, history and geography. VF Ern wrote about him in his Curriculum vitae5: «His influence in the sense of excitement independence of thought and interest to a serious investigation - to the whole class was huge. And for me personally, its lessons have been an epoch in my inner development. The awakening of thought he gave abundant content, and his charming personality gave a lively and most convincing proof of the importance and value that the path along which he walked. His teaching prepared me for university "(VF Ern: New documents and materials. S. 131).
Elchaninov Alexander (1881-1934) - a classmate PA Florenskii on the 2 nd Tiflis Gymnasium. Born in Nikolaevsk (after 1925 - Novosibirsk) to a family of military. Early in the left without a father and, since high-school years, gave private lessons, supporting families and paying for training brothers and sisters. He graduated from the History and Philology St. Petersburg University and was kept in the department, declined to an academic career, he studied at the Moscow Theological Academy. Was the first secretary founded in 1905 by the Religious-Philosophical Society of memory Vl. Solovyov, lectured at the Higher Women's Courses, as well as the cycle of private lectures on the Russian religious-philosophical thought. In 1911 he returned to Tiflis, in 1912 he taught at the high school Lewandowski. Left Russia in 1921 and settled in southern France, where he studied agriculture and gave Russian lessons and stories for children of Russian immigrants. Was one of the organizers and leaders of the Russian Student Christian Movement. In 1926, with the blessing of Fr. Sergius Bulgakov took the priesthood. He died in Paris and was buried in the cemetery Threave in Meudon.
Florenskaya Olga (Salome), P. (1859-1951) - Mother PA Florenskii. Descended from the ancient Armenian family, her father, Pavel Gerasimov Saparov was one of the richest merchants of Tiflis, was engaged in textile production, subsequently went bankrupt and his mother Mrs. G., born Paatova, died when Olga was 5 years old. In his youth, Olga went with my brother Arshak (Arcade) in St. Petersburg, where he enrolled to study for courses. In St. Petersburg, she was married with AI Florensky and at the end of the Institute followed him to his place of first appointment for the construction of the Trans-Caucasian Railway.
Florensky Alexander Ivanovich (1850-1908) - father of PA Florensky. AI Florensky studied first Vladikavkaz in grammar school, then in the 1 st Tiflis grammar school, after which he entered the Petersburg Institute of Engineers Transport of Emperor Alexander I. August 20, 1880 he married Olga Pavlovna Saparov. Upon graduation in 1880 was appointed to the position Chief of one failure sites Transcaucasian Railroad. There, in the village of Yevlakh, born of his first son, Paul. In 1883, AI Florensky was appointed engineer to perform special assignments for the chief of operations of the Second Branch of the Caucasus region of Communications. The family settled in Tiflis. Through five years, he receives the appointment of the Chief of Batumi branch distance and moved with his family in Batum, where he lives until 1894 in the 1895-1899 years. works in the system Caucasus Region Railway, first in his department Terek, and then engaged in researches on the construction of bridges and roads linking the region of Kars and Erivan Province. In November 1899 AI Florenski transferred to serve in the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Provincial Engineer of Construction Management Kutaisi provincial government. During this time he lived in Kutaisi, visiting arrivals in Tiflis. In 1903, AI Florensky appointed technician construction and road parts of the supreme commander in the civil part of the Caucasus, while at the same time, a permanent member of the technical meeting for the management of supreme commander His Majesty's viceroy in the Caucasus. AI Florensky died Jan. 22, 1908 in the midst of work, as assistant chief of the Caucasian Region Railways, the actual state councilor, which gave him a hereditary nobility, a knight of the Order of St. Stanislaus 3, 2 and 1 degrees. Led AI Florenski Caucasus built several bridges, many miles of railroad tracks, stations and railway stations.
Erne Vladimir Franzevich (1881-1917) - classmate PA Florenskii on the 2 nd Tiflis Gymnasium and the University. Religious thinker, historian of philosophy, writer, student of SN Trubetskoy and LM Lopatin, One of the organizers set up in February 1905, the Christian fraternity of struggle, whose main task was to create a specifically Russian Christian socialism, based not only on other Christian dogmas, but on a more private features of Russian Orthodoxy, in November 1906 participated in the base Religious-Philosophical Society Vl.Soloveva memory, in March 1907 - in the creation of this society at the Free University of Theology. Died prematurely by Jade in 1917 at the apartment of his friend Viacheslav. Ivanov in Moscow.
References and Notes
1. Priest Paul Florensky. My children. Memories of the past days. Genealogical research. From Solovetsky letters. Will. M., 1992.
2. Kojori - village, 18 km from Tiflis (Tbilisi), situated at an altitude of 4500 feet (1300-1400 m) on top of an extinct volcano on the southern slopes Trialet ridge. In the vicinity of Kojori, Mount Azeula are fortress Kodzhoristsihe (IX cent.), The ruins Monastery (XIII cent.) Udzo church, domed church Ormotsi (XVI century)..
3. Florensky Paul. School essay on "A Look at Pushkin's poetry and the poet [1899-1900 years.] / / Archive Family Florensky.
4. In "Confessions" (completed in 1882, published in Geneva in 1884 in Russia - 1906) Leo Tolstoy tells of his attempt to comprehend their own life's path, the path to what he regarded as truth. He pointed to the form set himself and to society questions the meaning of life and faith, criticized all public institutions, short of denying the science, arts, court, marriage, the achievements of civilization. "Confessions" reflects the new outlook of the writer.
5. Alexander's letter to Paul Elchaninov Florensky on August 7, 1899 / Family Archive Florensky.
6. Paul's letter Florenski AI Florensky on October 17, 1899 / / Archive Family Florensky.
7. Letter AI Florenski Paul Florensky on October 19, 1899 / Family Archive Florensky.
8. Letter AI Florenski OP Florenskaya on October 20, 1899 / / Archive family Florensky.
9. Letter from OP Florenskaya AI Florensky from [October 22, 1899] / / Archive Florensky family.
10. Paul's letter Florenski Leo Tolstoy on 22 October 1899 / / Archive Florensky family.
11. Note by Michael Asatiani Vladimir Hudadovu on November 19, 1899 / Family Archive Florensky.
__________________________________
1. Next
crossed: if You can
2.
Next struck out: not linking it to religion
3.
`a vol d'oiseau (French) - a bird's-eye view.
4. So
PA Florensky signed in letters to his wife.
5.
Curriculum vitae (Latin) - "a way of life", the chronicle of life, a brief biography.
__________________________________________
Source: Digital Library of the International Roerich Centre
